How to interpret literature

Chapter l Introduction l Chapter 2 New Criticism 9 How to Interpret: Key Concepts for New Critical Interpretation 16 Historicizing the New Criticism: Rethinking Literary Unity 20 The Intentional Fallacy and the Affective Fallacy 28 How to Interpret: A New Critical Example 35 Chapter 3 Structuralism 40 Structuralism in Cultural and Literary Studies 47 The Structuralist Study of Narrative: Narratology 61 Narrative Syntax, Metaphor, and Metonymy 71 Chapter 4 Deconstruction 77 Writing, Speech, and Différance 85 Deconstruction Beyond Derrida 89 Deconstruction, Essentialism, and Identity 92 How to Interpret: More Deconstructive Examples 98 Chapter 5 Psychoanalysis 101 The Psychoanalytic Understanding of the Mind 104 Sigmund Freud 107 How to Interpret: Models of Psychoanalytic Interpretation 112 From the Interpretation of Dreams to the Interpretation Of Literature 116 Jacques Lacan 126 Chapter 6 Feminism 136 Early Feminist Criticism 139 Sex and Gender 144 Feminisms 145 How to Interpret: Feminist Examples 149 Feminism and Visual Pleasure 152 Chapter 7 Queer Studies 162 How to Interpret: A Queer Studies Example 169 Queer Studies and History 171 Outing: Writers, Characters, and the Literary Closet 175 Homosociality and Heterosexual Panic 178 How to Interpret: Another Queer Studies Example 184 Chapter 8 Marxism 187 Contemporary Marxism, Ideology, and Agency 197 How to Interpret: Marxist Examples 212 Chapter 9 Historicism and Cultural Studies 218 New Historicism 218 Michel Foucault 226 Cultural Studies 231 How to Interpret: Cultural Studies, Historicism, and Literature 237 Chapter 10 Postcolonial and Race Studies 240 Postcolonialism 241 From Orientalism to Deconstruction: Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 248 Race Studies: Postcolonial Theory and the Construction of Race 262 How to Interpret: Postcolonial and Race Studies Examples 273 Chapter 11 ReaderResponse 278 Afterword 287 Works Cited and Further Reading 289 Photo Crédits 305